Amped Authenticate

The product page describes tools on two levels. At the file level it reads Exif and other metadata, the file structure, the JPEG quantisation tables and other bitstream details. It also checks whether an image carries the traces of a social media platform. At the pixel level it looks for the history of processing, such as a second JPEG compression, resizing or histogram and colour changes. It also looks for local inconsistencies that point to a manipulated region. A Face GAN filter labels faces as GAN or Not GAN with a confidence score and further filters look for the artefacts of diffusion models. Camera identification uses sensor noise: a Camera Reference Pattern is built from known images of a device and compared with the evidence, and the maker says the match survives mild compression, rotation by ninety degrees, downscaling and cropping. A video mode adds file information, frame hashing, group of pictures and macroblock analysis, motion vectors and continuity checks, with a warning that digital stabilisation can affect camera matching. Batch processing, a command line interface, side-by-side comparison and reports that cite the reference for each filter round it off. Supported inputs include JPEG, TIFF, BMP, PNG, HEIF, common video formats, camera raw files and images embedded in PDFs.

Authentication is an opinion built from converging results, never a single filter output. One tool showing a double compression means the file was saved twice, which every social media upload also does. A Not GAN label is the output of a classifier trained on certain generators and says nothing about the next generator. A highlighted region is a hypothesis to test with other filters and with the file's metadata and provenance. Validation is the examiner's job: each filter is run on known genuine and known altered sets before it is relied on, and the limits found are stated in the report. Missing metadata is not proof of tampering and present metadata is not proof of origin, since both can be edited. The output of this software is evidence for an expert to weigh, not a verdict.